Thursday, 12 January 2017

Course Outline

Week 1-2: Computer basics

Computer overview
History of Computers
Types of Computers
Hardware parts of computer (inputs,outputs,processing,and storage)
Software parts of computer (System and applicaiton software)
Computer impact and application

Week 2-3: Computer system software

Operating system concept
Types of operating systems
Utility software
Compler,interpreter,linker,loader
Functions of operating system
DOS operation
Virtualization of operating system

Week 4-5: Working in Microsoft Windows Environment

Week 5-6 : Basic linux Operation

Week 7-8:Internet and World Wide Web

Brief history of the Internet
Web browser

internet explore/Mozila Firefox
Home page

internet address (URL)
Internet service

World wide web
Email
Chat
Social networking

Surfing the internet
Using search engines

Week 9-11 Word processor

Introduction to Microsoft word
Basic Editing
Formatting
Moving and Copyng
More Editing Features
Paragraph Formatting
Insert table (mege cells,spilit cell,table properties)
Bullets and Numbering
Boarder and shading
Inserting clipart and image
Drawing
Page break and creating Document
Mail mege
Page Set Up and Printing
Document protection

Week 12-14: Spread sheets

Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2007
Excel environment
Working with workbook and worksheet
Entering data (text,Number)
Formatting (Font,number) and customizing data
Editing spreadsheets
Formulas and function

Creating / copying formulas
Cell referencing
Using insert function button
Using nested functions
Using SUM/COUNT/MIN/AVERAGE/RANK
IF statement and nested IF

Working with charts
Sourting and querying data
Freeze pane
Data validation
Linking worksheets
Importing and Exporting data

Export to Ms word
Import a word table
Import a text file

Method1

Installing Office 365 and Office 2013 (Windows and Mac)

1
Visit the Office Setup page. Open office.com/setup in your web browser.
2
Enter your Office product key. This can be found on the card that came with your retail purchase, or in your confirmation email or Microsoft Account page if you purchased online.

If you've previously installed Office, you can usually retrieve your key using a free key retrieval program like ProduKey. Click here for detailed instructions.
If you haven't purchased Office yet, you can buy it from the Office online store, or from your local computer retailer.

3
Sign in with your Microsoft Account. If you don't have one, you can create one for free. This will tie Office with your Microsoft Account, which will let you download again in the future without entering the key.

You can start the download process again at a later date by visiting office.com/myaccount

4
Click the "Install" button. The Office installer will be downloaded to your computer.
5
Click .Run to start the installation.

If you are using a Mac, double-click the MicrosoftOffice2011.dmg file in your Downloads folder.

6
Follow the prompts in the installer. You can click Next to move through the installer. You will be given the choice of themes, and a chance to take a quick tour.
7
Stay online while Office installs. Office will perform most of the downloading and installation in the background.

Click here if you encounter errors during the installation process.

8
Finish the installation. Click All done! to close the installer.

Method2

Installing Office 2010 (Windows)

1
Find your product key. This is required for installing Office 2010, and can be found on your disc packaging, on a card that you purchased at a retail outlet, or in a confirmation email from an online purchase.

If you've previously installed Office 2010, you can usually retrieve your key using a free key retrieval program like ProduKey. Click here for detailed instructions.
If you haven't purchased Office yet, you can buy it from the Office online store, or from your local computer retailer.

2
Insert your Office 2010 disc, or download the installer from Microsoft. If you can't find your disc but you have your product key, click here to download the installer.
3
Start the setup program. This should start automatically if you inserted the disc, but if it didn't, open the disc from your Computer/My Computer screen and run setup.exe.

If you downloaded the installer, you should be able to find it in your Downloads/My Downloads folder.

4
Enter your product key. You will need to enter the product key before Office can be installed.
5
Follow the prompts in the installer. This will allow you to choose which products you want to install and which you don't need, which can save space on your computer.
6
Finish the installation. Click Close when finished.
7
Activate Office. Select "I want to activate over the internet" and click Next. This will activate your copy of Office online, allowing you to use all the features.[1]

To activate later, open any Office program and click File → Help → Activate Product Key.

A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each other using a data link. The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media.

The best-known computer network is the Internet. Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such devices can be said to be networked together when one device is able to exchange information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each other. Computer networks differ in the transmission medium used to carry their signals, communications protocols to organize network traffic, the network's size, topology and organizational intent. Computer networks support an enormous number of applications and services such as access to the World Wide Web, digital video, digital audio, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications as well as many others. In most cases, application-specific communications protocols are layered (i.e. carried as payload) over other more general communications protocols.

There are several different types of computer networks. Computer networks can be characterized by their size as well as their purpose. The size of a network can be expressed by the geographic area they occupy and the number of computers that are part of the network. Networks can cover anything from a handful of devices within a single room to millions of devices spread across the entire globe.

Some of the different networks based on size are:

Personal area network, or PAN
Local area network, or LAN
Metropolitan area network, or MAN
Wide area network, or WAN

PERSONAL AREA NETWORK

A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an individual person within a single building. This could be inside a small office or residence. A typical PAN would include one or more computers, telephones, peripheral devices, video game consoles and other personal entertainment devices. If multiple individuals use the same network within a residence, the network is sometimes referred to as a home area network, or HAN. In a very typical setup, a residence will have a single wired Internet connection connected to a modem. This modem then provides both wired and wireless connections for multiple devices. The network is typically managed from a single computer but can be accessed from any device.

This type of network provides great flexibility. For example, it allows you to:

Send a document to the printer in the office upstairs while you are sitting on the couch with your laptop.

Upload a photo from your cell phone to your desktop computer.

Watch movies from an online streaming service to your TV

LOCAL AREA NATWORK

A local area network, or LAN, consists of a computer network at a single site, typically an individual office building. A LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such as data storage and printers. LANs can be built with relatively inexpensive hardware, such as hubs, network adapters and Ethernet cables. The smallest LAN may only use two computers, while larger LANs can accommodate thousands of computers. A LAN typically relies mostly on wired connections for increased speed and security, but wireless connections can also be part of a LAN. High speed and relatively low cost are the defining characteristics of LANs. LANs are typically used for single sites where people need to share resources among themselves but not with the rest of the outside world. Think of an office building where everybody should be able to access files on a central server or be able to print a document to one or more central printers. Those tasks should be easy for everybody working in the same office, but you would not want somebody just walking outside to be able to send a document to the printer from their cell phone! If a local area network, or LAN, is entirely wireless, it is referred to as a wireless local area network, or WLAN.

METROPOLITAN AREA NATWORK

A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A MAN is larger than a LAN, which is typically limited to a single building or site. Depending on the configuration, this type of network can cover an area from several miles to tens of miles. A MAN is often used to connect several LANs together to form a bigger network. When this type of network is specifically designed for a college campus, it is sometimes referred to as a campus area network, or CAN.

Wide Area Network

A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs. The Internet is the best-known example of a public WAN.

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s, the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life.

WORLD WIDE WEB

The World Wide Web is the primary application that billions of people use on the Internet, and it has changed their lives immeasurably. However, the Internet provides many other services. The Web is a global set of documents, images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs symbolically identify services, servers, and other databases, and the documents and resources that they can provide. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the main access protocol of the World Wide Web. Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data. World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, lets users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page. Client-side software can include animations, games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to printed media, books, encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled the decentralization of information on a large scale.

WEBSITE

A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server. A website may be accessible via a public Internet Protocol (IP) network, such as the Internet, or a private local area network (LAN), by referencing a uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies the site. Websites have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can be a personal website, a commercial website for a company, a government website or a non-profit organization website. Websites can be the work of an individual, a business or other organization, and are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing news and education. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web, while private websites, such as a company's website for its employees, are typically a part of an intranet. Web pages, which are the building blocks of websites, are documents, typically composed in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). They may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.

WEBSITE HOSTING

A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned or leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for other servers located in their data center, called collocation, also known as Housing in Latin America or France. Top 10 of registers in Tanzania according toTzNic are

Extreme Web Technologies
Kilihost Limited
1and1 Internet Solutions
Habari Node Ltd
Itfarm
DUDUMIZI TECHNOLOGIES
Spicenet (T) LTD
Powercomputers Technology Ltd
E-Govt Agency
University Computing Center

Dual-Boot Operating System

Mohamed04:26 No comments

This page describes how to set up your computer in order to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows. $Warning /!\$ While there are some benefits to dual-booting (e.g. better performance for a native install), it is not recommended. Instead, it is best to do a native install of Ubuntu, and then virtualize the other operating system.

Back Up Your Data

Although this may seem obvious, it is important to back up your files to an external backup medium before attempting a dual-boot installation (or any other hard drive manipulation), in case your hard drive becomes corrupted during the process. External hard drives, USB flash drives, and multiple DVDs or CDs are all useful for this purpose.

Have a Windows recovery CD/DVD available

Some computer manufacturers that pre-install Windows provide a Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD with the computer. However, many companies no longer ship a physical disc but instead create a hidden partition on the hard drive in which the recovery-disk information is stored. A utility is then usually provided which allows the user to burn a recovery/re-installation CD or DVD from it. If you are buying a new computer and intend on dual-booting, make sure you have (or can make) a physical Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD. If neither a CD/DVD nor a recovery partition/burning utility is provided by your computer manufacturer, you may need to contact your vendor and ask for a CD or DVD (to which you are normally entitled under the Windows EULA).

Getting Recovery Media

You may need to request a physical recovery/re-installation CD or DVD directly from your computer manufacturer. See WindowsRecoveryCd.

Once you have created a physical backup disc from a restore-image partition on the hard-drive, the restore-image partition can either be removed or left in place. Ubuntu can be installed with it intact without problems.

Install Ubuntu after Windows

A Windows OS should be installed first, because its bootloader is very particular and the installer tends to overwrite the entire hard drive, wiping out any data stored on it. If Windows isn't already installed, install it first. If you are able to partition the drive prior to installing Windows, leave space for Ubuntu during the initial partitioning process. Then you won't have to resize your NTFS partition to make room for Ubuntu later, saving a bit of time.

When a Windows installation already occupies the entire hard drive, its partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Ubuntu partition. You can do this during the Ubuntu installation procedure, or you can see How to Resize Windows Partitions for other options.

If you have resized a Windows 7 or Vista partition and cannot boot up Windows, you can use the instructions from WindowsRecovery to fix it.

Install Ubuntu

Download an Ubuntu LiveCD image (.iso) from Ubuntu Downloads and burn it to a disc (see BurningIsoHowto).
Insert the LiveCD into your CD-ROM drive and reboot your PC.
If the computer does not boot from the CD (e.g. Windows starts again instead), reboot and check your BIOS settings by pressing F2, F12, Delete, or ESC. Select "boot from CD".
Proceed with installation until you are asked this question: "How do you want to partition the disk?".
If you have already partitioned the disk and left space for Ubuntu, install it to that and then follow the rest of the steps.
Otherwise, choose one of the next two steps.

Automatic partition resizing (not recommended)

Choose the first option, which should say "Install them side by side, choosing between them each startup".
Specify the size of the new partition by dragging the slider at the bottom of the window.
Click on "Forward".
Continue on to Finishing Ubuntu Installation

Manual partitioning

Choose "Manually edit partition table".
Listed will be your current partitions.
Select the partition you want to resize and press Enter.
Select "Size:", press Enter.
Select Yes, press Enter.
Type in a new size in gigabytes for your partition, it's recommended you free up at least 10 GB of free space for your Ubuntu install. Press Enter when happy with your changes. It may take some time to apply the changes.
Create a swap partition of at least your amount of RAM (if you don't know, 8000 MB is a good value).
Create a partition for your Ubuntu installation.
Create other partitions if necessary: see DiskSpace
Select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk".

Master Boot Record and Boot Manager

GRUB2 is the boot manager installed in Ubuntu by default. GRUB2 is an open source boot manager that install the main parts of the boot loaders inside Ubuntu. This means Ubuntu is independent and avoids any need for writing to other operating systems. To accomplish this, the only thing in your computer outside of Ubuntu that needs to be changed is a small code in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the first hard disk, or the EFI partition. The boot code is changed to point to the boot loader in Ubuntu. You will be presented with a list of operating systems and you can choose one to boot. If you do nothing the first option will boot after a ten second countdown. If you select Windows then GRUB or LILO will chain-load Windows for you at the Windows boot sector, which is the first sector of the Windows partition.

Windows Vista no longer utilizes boot.ini, ntdetect.com, and ntldr when booting. Instead, Vista stores all data for its new boot manager in a boot folder. Windows Vista ships with an command line utility called bcdedit.exe, which requires administrator credentials to use. You may want to read http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=112156 about it.

Using a command line utility always has its learning curve, so a more productive and better job can be done with a free utility called EasyBCD, developed and mastered during the times of Vista Beta. EasyBCD is very user friendly and many Vista users highly recommend it.

Installing Windows After Ubuntu

There are two different approaches:

Recovering GRUB after reinstalling Windows

Please refer to the Reinstalling GRUB2 guide.

Master Boot Record backup and replacement

This method does not work for computers with UEFI boot. In consequence, it won't work for pre-installed Windows 8 and some pre-installed with Windows 7.

Back-up the existing MBR, install Windows, replace your backup overwriting the Windows boot code:

Create an NTFS partition for Windows (using fdisk, GParted or whatever tool you are familiar with)
Backup the MBR e.g. dd if=/dev/sda of=/mbr.bin bs=446 count=1
Install Windows
Boot into a LiveCD
Mount your root partition in the LiveCD
Restore the MBR e.g. dd if=/media/sda/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1
Restart and Ubuntu will boot
Setup GRUB to boot Windows

WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

Mohamed04:06 No comments

Some versions of Microsoft Windows, like Windows XP, can be installed on home and work computers using a CD. To install Windows using a CD, you'll need to insert the setup CD into the CD drive, boot up your computer, then press a key to start the setup process when prompted. From there, continue following the on-screen prompts to finish installation.

EditSteps

1

Order a Microsoft Windows XP Setup CD from the vendor.
2

Put the Setup CD into the drive, and press the Restart button on the computer case.
3

Make sure the computer prompts you to press a key to start the Setup. If it does not, you need to set the CD-Drive as the First Boot Device in Boot category in your computer's BIOS.

1

After your computer reboots, a Black screen will appear showing the message 'Press any key to Boot from CD...'. Press any key.
2

Wait for a few seconds until the a Blue Screen pops up with the Title Windows Setup.
3

Follow the instructions on the screen to install Windows.
4

Select a drive for Windows to be installed, and choose its File System (FAT32 or NTFS).
5

After a number of restarts, the previous screen with 'Press any key to Boot from CD...' will appear. Ignore it this time.
6

Set the Regional and Language, and Network Settings, and let the Setup install windows.
7

Install basic security software such as a firewall, antivirus program, and an anti-spyware program; the built-in Windows Firewall, microsoft AVG Free, and Safer Networking Spybot S & D should work fine.
8

Update Windows and the security software. This should help protect against some viruses and improve stability.
9

Make sure that all your hardware is working. Unlike OEM installs, there can be some issues here. You might want to go to the hardware manufacturers' websites for the latest drivers.
10

You are done with installing Windows, now take a Quick Tour, as Windows will pop-up a message for it.